Fiscal Policy SA- Budget Speech

Monetary Policy SA-Budget Speech Table of Contentsi. Official Summary31. Introduction62. Substance of Budget 200772.1 Total Spending (Medium Term Expenditure Framework Period)83. Financial Backdrop - Buoyant Domestic Growth95. Method of reasoning of 2007 Budget Speech116. Macroeconomy137. Monetary Policy147.1 Expansionary Fiscal Policy147.2 Tax168. Financial and Monetary challenges208.1 Monetary Challenges229. Weaknesses of 2007 Budget.2310. Recommendations on the most proficient method to address the shortcomings2410.1 Fiscal measures2410.2 Monetary measures2411. Rundown of References:2612.ANNEXURES28i. Official SummaryWhile conveying the 2007 Budget Speech on 21 February 2007, the thrilled and appealling Trevor Manuel's tone epitomized South Africa's economy that has been performing amazingly well in the course of recent years generally because of sound financial and money related strategies and worldwide impacts. The expanded amount and nature of spending in the Budget is fuelled by the basis of immediately quick ening the speculation rate and pace of development; improving the lives of underestimated South Africans; keeping up a dynamic security net; fighting wrongdoing and improving the limit and adequacy of state; show case the nation through getting ready for the 2010 soccer occasion; and empowering the way of life of saving.GDPThe Budget and its proceeded expansionary financial position is anyway described by huge difficulties that may block on progress in accomplishing certain destinations. These incorporate vis- - vis strategy slacks, absence of limit concerning spending, government formality and wasteful aspects, antagonistic lease looking for conduct, salary and riches redistribution. Worldwide impacts that will present difficulties incorporate the foreseen lower worldwide development because of smothered US development, dangers for example oil costs; US current record shortage in the midst of huge surpluses among oil-creating nations. The fundamental money related test is that the South African Reserve Bank tries to stifle request to coordinate gracefully however this is the low development choice. The proposed long haul arrangement and high development choice is to support flexibly so as to fulfill need with official and private segment initiatives.A number of things were absent...

Answer quesiton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer quesiton - Essay Example By giving an enormous number of commonplace and nearby official workplaces, the mestizos stepped their characteristic of power and authority over the bicameral type of government in almost all parts of the sociological and political history of the Philippines. Further, they merged their privileges and force by giving regulatory rights and powers in the hands of their blood family members and companions. Their siblings, sisters and other close individuals were given senior situations in the force coalitions, and children and nephews were vested with junior power levels. The thought was to guarantee absolute mastery of the nation in the hands of the mestizos. In this way they dodged vote based types of offering capacity to the chosen delegates of the individuals. The birthplace of political administration rule was articulated by the before Aquinos and Cojuangcos and has since, through the procedure of plummet, passed onto the hands of the current ruler, Corazon Aquino. The nonappearance of popularity based procedure and the standard of lines has been one angle by which the Filipino political situation contrasts altogether from that of other South East Asian countries. One more viewpoint is that, not normal for other SE Asian countries, which gloat of monstrous bureaucratic style of administering, in Philippines the mestizos are under the managerial control of the Americans, to whom they have vowed support, as an end-result of a deal to stay in power. There is a base number of positions for government employees and the whole force sharing lies in the hands of the mestizos. There were gigantic changes into Christianity and today, almost 90% of the populace is of Christian confidence. These transformations were completed, not through utilization of the mode of the Spanish language, yet by utilization of a large group of different dialects. Despite the fact that Philippines was controlled by the Spaniards for an extensive time allotment, Spanish has not become the regular language of the nearby individuals of the island

Book Riots Deals of the Day for September 18th, 2019

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The Importance Of A Public Elementary School Teacher

After graduation I would like to become a public elementary school teacher in a low-income district. This particular setting is appealing to me because I want to help students learn in an area of great need. Although I am not picky as to which specific grade I prefer, what sounds most appealing to me is grades first through third. During this age range, most students are eager to learn and still have a drive pushing them to do well, and to retain the most information they can. This stage seems to be the most fun in my eyes, but I am not opposed to working with students of higher levels. The class I would use to show Gardner’s theory would be a second grade room full of curious math learners. This activity would first involve individual work, and then progress to group work or a â€Å"pair share† activity. This activity would be followed by a math worksheet for homework for practice of what we just covered. During our 30-minute math block, I would start with individual work. I would ask the students to make a picture using materials provided. The students will use stickers of animals and draw a setting from one of their favorite pieces of literature. After completion, they will be asked to start the mathematical portion of this activity. They will write a math equation that ties their picture into an addition or subtraction problem. After, I will staple the problem with the picture they just illustrated. I will then put the students in small groups, of 3 or 4 students. TheyShow MoreRelatedResearch Summary : School Supplies In The Classroom1517 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Summary: School Supplies in the Classroom Teachers see lack of supplies and curriculum, unreliable internet service in their schools Key Concepts A survey given to public school instructors reported that teachers believe art, tutoring, music, and library time are necessities An average of $500 a year are spent on school supplies for each teacher’s classroom, taken directly from the instructor’s wallet themselves Elementary school teachers spend more money on school supplies for their studentsRead MoreDiscilplnary Approaches as Practiced by Public Elem.Teachers and Pupils Classroom Behavior1093 Words   |  5 PagesOvercoming pupils’ misbehaviours in public school like Nagpayong Elementary School that is populated of 10,768 grader pupils and with over crowding narrow classrooms composed of a minimum of 50 and a maximum of 60 pupils per class, but its nature is much more difficult backbreaking responsibility to do than other obligations of the teacher and in this situation she should be able to bridge the between discipline and pupils behaviours. Militant, disobedient, socially inadequate and withdrawnRead MoreInvestigation Based Stem Professional Development For Elementary Teachers1461 Words   |  6 Pages P., Hay, A., Dance, M., Pfiester, J. (2013). Teacher STEM perception and preparation: Inquiry-based STEM professional development for elementary teachers. The Journal of Educational Research, 106(2), 157–168. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate teacher attitude, efficacy, and knowledge of STEM integration at the elementary level. During the study, professional development was provided . . . to increase and improve teacher perceptions and understanding of STEM curriculumRead MoreThe Role Of State And Local Control Of Education850 Words   |  4 Pages Highly Qualified The law requires teachers to have a bachelor’s degree, a state teaching certification and to demonstrate content knowledge in the subjects they teach. Proficient and effective teachers, not only know the subject matter in which they teach they have strategies to reach all types of learners in their classroom. These qualified individuals have mastered the skills that they need to be a certification teacher. The law, however, must maintain and establish the governing body thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Notes From The Back Of The Room : Problems And Paradoxes Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pagesat two elementary schools among young Black students. One was a public school and the other one was a Black independent School (BIS), which is private. The purpose of the study was to examine common teacher practices and black elementary-aged students’ responses to these practices in considering the processes of social reproduction in schools. The strategy use was an ethnographic study of two elementary schools in which the majority were black students; the author states that both schools had aRead More Ecotopia vs. the United States: The Effects of Sustainable Education1547 Words   |  7 PagesSchool is a fundamental location for the child’s mind to grow and prosper and the child is able to socialize and adhere to the environment that he or she learns about. In addition to education, simply being a component within the institution also formulates our beliefs. Schools are a prime institution to learn about green education in which it will prepare students to be sustainable in the future. In Ernest Callenbach’s Ecotopia, the protagonist, Will, travels to an ecological utopia where he learnsRead MoreEvaluation Of The Elementary Classroom1383 Words   |  6 PagesSupervision Narrative I conducted observations at the high school, middle school, and elementary levels. At the elementary level I observed a first grade teacher on October 22nd and 23rd at Hambright Elementary school and observed language arts and math instruction. On the first day I went in the morning and observed the beginning of the day routines. At this point in the year the teacher had established the rules and procedures for student arrival. Students arrived and immediately placed item inRead MorePrincipal Of School Is An Awesome Leader982 Words   |  4 PagesPrincipal Report The principal is the leader of the school. The principal provides a safety environment for students, faculty and community. The principal responsibility is to make sure the school is running good and everybody is doing their job, and the students are learning. Based on my interview sheet question I interview the principal at Tenth and Penn elementary school, the principal of that school is an awesome leader. A principal has a huge responsibility day by day. Being responsible forRead MoreEducation : Education Of Preservice Teachers And 2 ) Emphasis On High Stakes Testing Essay924 Words   |  4 Pageseducation of preservice teachers and 2) emphasis on high stakes testing. First, elementary education programs focus on the modern two cores, English and mathematics, paying only lip service to science and social studies. This leads to teachers becoming unconformable with the content in these two subjects. This level of uncertainty produces a focus away from social studies and a focus on the other two contents. The second reason for the marginalization of social Studies in the elementary classroom is highRead MoreAnalysis Of Teaching Controversy By Mark Mccaffrey1044 Words   |  5 Pages As a teacher, there are many incidents when it is important to let children think for themselves. In the article, â€Å"Teaching Controversy† by Mark S. McCaffrey, the problem of teachers taking a stance on controversial topics is discussed. As a future teacher, do I influence the thinking of my students with my own thoughts or let them decide for themselves? For many, the answer to that question is pretty straight forward; but for others, they seem to think a different way. My first impression of

Essay on Government Support of E-Business - 1256 Words

Assignment 5- P6/P7 In this assignment I am going to explain how the government supports the development of e-business and I will use example to support my answers. Also I am going to produce a personal development plan to aid an individual to prepare for increased use of business online. Government e-commerce regulations about online business The E-commerce Regulations apply to businesses which sell goods or services to businesses or consumers through a number of different ways. These can include though the internet, by email or Short Message Service. Also the e-commerce regulation also includes advertisement through the internet, emails or SMS. The e-commerce regulations do not cover businesses who advertise through direct†¦show more content†¦Security and data protection issues to be considered Several issues needs to be considered, the data protection act 1988, this is a type of law that protects the processing of personal information which is held on identifiable individuals. Many businesses need to comply with this act if they need to process and handle their customers personal data, this means that the business must be very open and not secretive about the use of the valuable data and make sure that they follow the certain rules for processing the information. Businesses can get support for security and data protection from the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform which both offers online help and support. How the Government has helped to prepare customers for an online operation of a business The government has helped significantly to prepare customers for the online operation of a business by providing them with guidance from many different government funded businesses such as business link which is a very useful website to use for businesses which are just starting out online. Their website provides each business with nearly everything which will support them with their first few months of trade as an online business. Task 2- P7 Personal development plan- Unfamiliar issues when trading online What training is needed? IT training such as Microsoft office for programmes such as excel so that invoices andShow MoreRelatedInformation And Communications Technology ( Ict ) For Market Access And Information Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesGovernments around the world have put in place policies to encourage the growth of local small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as they can help directly alleviate poverty by increasing income levels and creating jobs (ESCAP, 2012). At the same t ime, the global economy has become increasingly depended on the Information and communications technology (ICT) for market access and information. SMEs need to have access to and use of ICT to engage in the regional and global economic business networks. IfRead MoreEssay about The ECommerce Environment of Singapore1496 Words   |  6 Pagesextend their territories in Indonesia. It remained under British rule until 1941 when Japan bombed and captured Singapore. After three years of Japanese rule, British forces returned to the island. By this time Singapore was longing for self-government. Singapore realized its need for independence in 1959 holding its first general election. The new, independent Singapore was voted into the United Nations in 1965. On December 22, 1965, Singapore became a republic electing Yusof bin Ishak asRead MoreInformation Security Policies968 Words   |  4 Pagesin the developing nations, but when modern facilities like information and communication technologies (ICT), are applied it will improve the public sector greatly and contributes to better services processes that can address citizens as well as government services. 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To improve profits and achieve strategic sustainability in a rapidly changing competitive environment, many Websites have been repackaging thems elves by targetingRead MoreIct For The Development Of Smes Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesMyanmar Governments around the world have put in place policies to encourage the growth of local small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as they can help directly alleviate poverty by increasing income levels and creating jobs (ESCAP, 2012). At the same time, the global economy has become increasingly depended on the Information and communications technology (ICT) for market access and information. 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From the e-Activity, select two (2) components of Subpart 3.10—Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct that interest you the most. Next, evaluate the level of necessity of these components that you have selected in maintaining an ethical government contracting system. Provide a rationale for your response. †¢

Copper Sulphate Calibration Free Essays

Method As per laboratory protocol. Rest Its and Discussion From the table and graph it shows that there is a linear relationship between concentration and absorption (Beer-Lambert Law). As the concentration increases so does the absorbency. We will write a custom essay sample on Copper Sulphate Calibration or any similar topic only for you Order Now The line of regression fits into the averages of the UP Absorbency, the RE is 0. 9538 this shows that the data is accurate as it is very close to the regression line. Taking the averages of the CIVIC Absorbency allows the data to become more accurate and reliable. Cavetti MM cuscus (ml) Distilled Water (m L) Concentration (M) XIV Absorbency (Average) Dividing the unknown solutions by y is the way to find the concentrations of the unknown solutions. Plotting the unknown solutions On the graph Can test the reliability of the results of the concentration. The results are close to the line of regression, this indicates that the values which were calculated are accurate. The results which were gathered could have been skewed from the way the cavetti was placed into the spectrophotometer. For instance, if the puttee had fingerprints on it, the wavelength would not penetrate the cavetti properly as the fingerprints may modify the way the light penetrates the solution, thus gathering an incorrect concentration reading. One way to avoid this is to clean the cavetti before placing it into the spectrophotometer, plus making sure that it is placed into the apparatus the right way. Whilst the 1 mol of Copper Sulfate was measured with the Gilson there may have been a small chance of the measurement being inaccurate, however, a Gilson is more likely to give an accurate measurement of a solution than a pipette old. When using a spectrophotometer it is essential that the apparatus is switched on and left to warm up for at least 15 minutes, if this is not executed and the experiment is done with a ‘cold’ spectrophotometer the readings may be unstable. Between each reading of the solutions the spectrophotometer transmittance needs to be set back to O, if this is not done the reading will be incorrect, therefore jeopardizing the accuracy and reliability of the results. Conclusion Within this practical the aim was achieved, the absorptions of the diluted solutions were determined and accurate. How to cite Copper Sulphate Calibration, Papers

The Bloody Chamber Essay Example

The Bloody Chamber Paper Within My Last Duchess, The Bloody Chamber and Dracula, there is evidence to suggest that women within the gothic genre as portrayed as victims of male authority, as well as evidence to disprove this argument, instead suggesting that it is the women within the Gothic genre which makes themselves victims. Angela Carter is particularly interested in the portrayal of women as victims of male aggression as a limiting factor in the feminist perspective of the time’[i] Carter, with her modern twist on traditional fairytales places a particular focus on women characters and the hardships they endure perhaps due to their own natural behaviour, whereas Stoker with his tale of vampires is more traditional with the female becoming victims, through his male authority. My last Duchess enhances this by showing how women in the gothic genre are victims of male authority, through her suspicious death and the duke’s obsession with her beauty. Angela Carter’s, The Bloody Chamber,’ when read as a young women’s initiatory quest for knowledge rather than as the story of an overly curious girl who makes a disastrous marriage, provides its readership with a women-centred perspective that both reflects and allows for social change through individual liminal experience’[ii]. The Bloody chamber takes different forms throughout the book, but continues to serve the same symbolic purpose; it is a place of transformation for the heroine that changed irrevocably. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bloody Chamber specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Bloody Chamber specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Bloody Chamber specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Each of these chambers is connected with violence and the blood shed when a woman looses her virginity and when she menstruates. Carter uses the chamber to make the connection between women’s sexuality, and the violence that they experience. This brings up the question of whether it is the men who make the women victims or whether it’s a woman’s natural body and mind which makes them victims. After all it is the women who carry the children and are naturally more delicate, so perhaps it’s not the men who make them victims in the gothic genre but the women themselves. It is the time in which Carter writes which allows her to separate the bloody chamber from stereotypes, as it is a modern poem and therefore she is able to empower the women. In The Bloody Chamber, the chamber is marquis’ room of torture and death. First, ‘the Marquis mentions the custom, no longer followed in what he rather smugly calls ‘these civilised times’ of hanging the bloody bridal sheets out of the window to prove the bride’s virginity’ [iii]. The heroine finds the chamber and puts herself in danger by doing so, she is an innocent girl who knows nothing of the world. ‘The bride appears to be a blank page; she was, she says, a mere seventeen, a girl who know nothing of the world when she married’[iv] The effect of finding the room gives the audience a thrill of the unknown, as well as suspense of whether she will be liberated or if this knowledge will lead to her doom, She later calls herself ‘only a baby when her husband entrusts her with his keys’[v] . Therefore it could be argued that it is the women who put themselves in the situation of being the victim, because of their natural traits such as innocence, curiosity and fragility, rather than the men in the Victorian era making them victims. This can also be seen in Stoker’s Dracula, it is the natural behaviour of the women in the Victorian era, and it is their innocence which ultimately leads the women into the hands of Dracula. These traits include the women’s beauty and the innocence of life, rather than the male authority putting them there. In The Bloody Chamber, she realises Marquis’ obsessive objectification through her loss of virginity. She describes it as painful experience and refers to it as a ‘one sided struggle’[vi] this shows how it is the women’s natural traits which lead to their victimisation; it is her ‘naivete which gives him profound pleasure’[vii]. At this point she simply finds no other way but to accept the stereotypical view of a young innocent girl in a relationship with an experienced man, another example of women being victims of male authority. The key to the bloody chamber is the key to her selfhood and subjugation that will ultimately kill her. The protagonist’s husband clearly considers her an object of exchange and plans to inscribe upon her his continuing tale of punishment for wives’ disobedience’[viii] again showing how women make themselves victims of their own behaviour, Helen Simpson’s interpretation is that ‘I really cant see what’s wrong with finding out about what the great male fantasies about women are’ [ix] The heroine fights against the victimisation, and indeed reverses role with the male in the story, as it is Marquis who dies and it is the female who leaves this chamber and finds happiness. The Snow Child, another short story within The Bloody Chamber, is ambiguous. In this small story there are two victims, both of them women, in this case the bloody chamber could relate to the hole in the snow that the countess and count ride past, or it could relate to the vagina and virginity of the girl. This expresses how the role of the women within the gothic genre is ultimately as victims, sometimes through their naivety and innocence and sometimes through male authority. The count sees both of the bloody chambers present as objects for his pleasure, therefore enforcing the role of the men as figures of authority; this is also shown in Stokers Dracula, because it is Dracula and the men of the time who take their pleasure by controlling the women. However, it is the countess who gains the knowledge, not the heroine. The countess is a striking figure ‘glittering’[x] and ‘shining’[xi], she is dressed in ‘pelts of black foxes’[xii], this is an anthropomorphic image of her sly and cunning sexuality, this again is evidence to suggest that women make themselves victims of male authority, by their beauty and behaviour. The girl dies because she is a victim of male fantasy; the picking of the rose by the countess is a symbolic combination of the perfection of natural beauty and the town as a metaphor, for the inevitable pains of loving. The count fails to protect the girl from the jealously of his wife and the girl dies bleeding and screaming in pain, again showing how women make themselves victims by their own behaviour. The scene of graphic necrophilia ‘unfastened his breeches and thrust his virile member into the dead girl’[xiii] that follows it ‘perhaps the most extreme image in the whole collection’[xiv] as it expressed the victimisation of women by male authority. Carter suggests that this image shows that ‘women know men would rather indulge themselves with dead fantasies than accept women as they really are, a depressing and morbid view of human relationships’ [xv] The ending of this tale is also ambiguous, the countess discovers that the rose ‘bites’[xvi] however it is unclear if she dies like the girl or whether she lives. This could be evidence to show that women make themselves victims of male authority within the gothic genre because of their behaviour, that it was the countess action of killing the girl that ultimately lead to her death, and not the count’s male authority. The time in which the stories were written determine the aspect they portray, The Bloody Chamber was written by Carter in a modern time and therefore she is able to liberate women and be blunter, something Stoker wouldn’t have been able to do within Dracula, because in era in which it was written, it would have been socially unacceptable to do so. Another one of Carter’s tales is The Lady of the House of Love, a story from Carter’s collection, The Bloody Chamber. This differs from Dracula as it is the lady vampire who is preying upon men whereas in Dracula it is the male Undead which prey upon women. However, The Bloody Chamber is also similar to Dracula in the outcome of the tale, that it is the woman who is the victims. The young officer’s virginity, something which is represented by the women in Dracula, is a powerful device which means that the power is shifted from the male to the lady in this story. In his innocence, he changed the order of her deck of tarot cards, replacing Death with the Lovers. She expects to devour him but, for the first time ever, her ritual does not follow the usual pattern and find herself becoming human. The officer is making the women, who usually are the hunter, his victim by humanising her ‘kiss it better’[xvii], he puts her to bed and when he awakes, he discovers that his new lover has died as an old woman. So it is the man who once again who makes the female a victim of his authority , by committing whatever act he wants, in this case for her to be his love. However, it could be argued that she puts herself in the situation to become a victim of male authority, through her previous behaviour of devouring young innocent men. Stoker portrays women in the gothic genre as victims of male authority, this is similar to Carter in, The Bloody chamber, but differs in the way that they portray this image. The tale is told in sections written by different characters: Jonathan’s and Mina’s journals, Lucy’s diary, Steward’s diary, a record by van Helsing. The cumulative method would once again seem to add up to the truth revealed. The very vagueness of the significance of the vampire prevents a final, neat conclusion about the novel. ’ [xviii] Whereas The Bloody Chamber is told in short stories, the purpose of doing this is to enhance the point of Carter; the message is portrayed through different women and their different situations rather than just one long story like Bram Stoker’s Dracula. Dracula expresses how it is the men who make the women within the Victorian era victims because of their behaviour and attitudes. The vampire figure has the haunting quality of nightmare and its association with sexuality is an important indication of the direction the exploration of psychological evil was taking. Mac Andrew argues that ‘The association of evil with sexuality probably reflects a gradually increasing awareness of the importance of sexuality in man’s nature. [xix] Again corresponding with the statement that, women within the Victorian era are made victims of male authority, Mina Murray is portrayed as the embodiment of the virtue of her age ‘one of God’s women, fashioned by his own hand to show us men and other women that there is a heaven where we can enter, and that it’s light can be here on earth’[xx], this differs with Mac Andrew’s argument by suggesting that it is the women within the Victorian era who make themselves victims, for example Mina is described by the men within Dracula as ‘So true, so sweet, so noble’ [xxi] Again giving the suggestion that it is not just the men who make the women victims within the gothic genre, but it’s the women who make themselves victims through their natural behaviour and attitudes for example innocence. Yet it is the male authority which takes advantage of this and therefore ultimately makes the women within the gothic genre victims. ‘Mina Mur ray is also shown as a model of domestic propriety while her sexuality remains enigmatic throughout the whole of Dracula’[xxii]. The fact that Mina never gives a voice to anything resembling a sexual desire or impulse means that she continues to retain her purity, a social aspect requires of all women in the Victorian era. Mina is portrayed as a successful wife and mother, yet all successes are always in the service of men, this is another way that she is portrayed in the gothic genre as victims of men. Lucy is opposite to Mina in many ways; she is a paragon of innocence and virtue but remains sexualised throughout the story ‘Lucy looks pale and haggard. Mina attributes this to Lucy fretting about something’[xxiii] this is portrayed as fragile women showing that she is weaker than Dracula. This method is shown continually throughout Dracula, it makes the women look more like victims, this contrasts to The Bloody Chamber where carters makes the women look strong ‘you never saw such a wild thing as my mother’[xxiv] Un-dead Lucy is expressed as a wanton creature of ravenous sexual appetite, which is against the acceptable behaviour of women within the Victorian era. Lucy stands as a dangerous threat to men and their tenuous self-control, yet when she is killed by the men, the purity on her face ensures the men that the world and its women are exactly as they should be. In Victorian England, women’s sexual behaviour was dictated by society’s extremely rigid expectations. This is shown within Dracula and My last Duchess as the women are made victims of male authority through the limitations which are placed upon them. There were only two options for women, they were both a mother and wife or they were a virgin, a model of purity and innocence. If women were not either then they were considered a whore and thus no consequence to society, the impending battle between good and evil within Dracula would hinge upon the female sexuality’[xxv]. Dracula makes the women victims of himself and other men within society, by threatening to turn the two women into their opposites, into women notes for their voluptuousness unapologetically open for sexual desire. ‘Gothic fiction is preoccupied with sexual assault. With the vampire it no longer deals only with sexual innocence in the victim and evil in this victimizer’[xxvi] this brings up the question of sexuality itself the innocent become the victims their own sexuality. In Stoker’s novel the forces of science and religion combine to destroy the innocent thus awakened- Lucy dies as Dracula drains life from her[xxvii]. ’ Whereas in The Bloody Chamber it is the mythical and supernatural beliefs, that make the women ultimately victims of male authority within the gothic genre; through fear of the unknown. In Stokers Dracula, when Lucy becomes a threat by transforming into a vampire vixen, Van Helsing and the other men see no other option but to destroy her , in order to return her to a purer, more socially acceptable state, this differs to carter’s bloody chamber as the women do not have expectations upon them but fight against these traditions. The men within the Victorian era are intensely invested in the sexual behaviour of women because they are afraid to associate with the socially scorned ‘your girls that you all love are mine already, and through them you and other shall yet be mine’[xxviii] voices of male fantasy have made women victims since Adam and Eve. The vampire figure has the haunting quality of nightmare and its association with sexuality. Both Dracula and The Bloody Chamber have significant gothic elements, they both discuss issues which could be dismissed as untrue, such as the fairytale structure in The Bloody Chamber and the superstitious beliefs of the peasants in Dracula. These elements contribute into making women victims of the male authority within the gothic genre, through male fantasies and the authority in which they control women. My last Duchess, by Robert Browning also, portrays women and victims within the gothic genre. My Last Duchess is about a portrait of the duke’s late wife, she is shown as a mere object that existed only to please him and to do his bidding ‘That piece a wonder, now’[xxix] he refers not only to the painting but also the wife as she was in life, a mere object, he now regards his wife as a wonder in the painting but was something less when she was alive. The Duke loves the portrait because it only reveals her beauty ‘ pictured countenance’ and none of the qualities that annoyed him. He now has complete control of the portrait and uses it as a pretty object that he can show the visitors. The Duchess is a victim of male fantasy, he only want her to look nice and did not want her around when he was alive. The Duchess’ general fault in the duke’s eyes was that her heart was ‘too soon made glad’[xxx]. She related easily to that which was around her such as the creatures, fruits and beauties of nature as well as to people of all ranks. Women are victim of male authority particularly here, a woman who loves everything around her and seems to complain of nothing, is a pain to her husband; the duchess is punished for simply being herself. This links to The Bloody Chamber and Dracula, as it is suggested that the women makes themselves victims because of their behaviour, and natural traits, rather than by male authority. The Duke suggests that the Duchess enjoyed the company of other men and implied that she was unfaithful but this is uncertain. The Duchess died in a suspicious death, possibly poisoned on ‘April 21st 1561 at the age of seventeen’[xxxi], although it is not clear what the duke did to his wife. The painter’s fate is also left obscure through ‘all smiles stopped together’ [xxxii] suggesting a common fate of the pair. Once again showing women in the gothic genre as victims of male fantasises. The technique of the writing of the poem means that it offers anyone reading it out-load a range of possible emphases and hence an interpretation of the Duke’s character. The poem itself is written in pentameters, arranged in couplets. One reads individual lines to oneself out loud; rhyme in couplets imposes a stately place appropriate to the duke’s dignity’[xxxiii] By writing in Pentameters it means that the rhyme of the poem is at a spread suitable for it to be read as a poem, for example ‘the curtain I have drawn for you, but I’[xxxiv] this is a grammatical error, the pronoun should be me and nor I, but I rhymes with By on the previous line, meaning It flows better. The use of alliterations also used within the poem also adds to the effect of the poem, it helps to exaggerate a particular point ‘The dropping of the daylight in the west’[xxxv] The man he addresses, in My Last Duchess, is the emissary of a certain count whose daughter to duke now wishes to marry. In return for his ‘nine-hundred-years-old name’ the duke confidently expects a large dowry. But the man he addresses is warned that the counts ‘fair daughter’[xxxvi] has better understand that she must submit completely to the duke’s will, again showing how women are victims of male authority and male fantasises to have pretty, young attractive women in their company. This would have seemed quite typical to readers in Britain c, 1850. ‘The marriage market persisted in the upper levels of society. Conventionally a suitable gentlemen- an old name was a great help’ took another gentlemen’s daughter off his hands in return for dowry in cash, kind or both. ’[xxxvii] The husband would then have full control of the wife’s income as well as her person, divorce was extremely rare and always scandalous, so that husbands might, and a lot of the time did, resorted to various cruel ways of punishing unsatisfactory partners. The Duke takes an extreme patriarchal and possessive view of women common enough in Victorian Britain, again showing the women as victims within a male society. This is similar to Dracula through the expectations of women, and how the behaviour of men towards women has not altered, but perhaps worsened within the Victorian era. Therefore, it could be argued that the women are made victims of male authority, in the gothic genre, because of the harshness endured by them due to the will of the men, such as the murder of vampire Lucy by the local men. Whereas it also could be argued that it is the women themselves who make them victims of male authority because of their natural traits such as innocence and naivety, as well as the blood of childbirth and menstruation which makes them look weak.

Metapath Company. Offers Evaluation

Metapath Company. Offers Evaluation Metapath Company had been financed by both external and internal sources from the year 1995 up to 1997. The shares held were classified as common stock and preferred stock; the preferred stock was divided further into classes A, B, C and D. There was a slight variation of rights in these classes of shares. Classes A and B were held by non-owners while classes C and D were held by the owners of the company.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Metapath Company. Offers Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The total amounts available from the various shares as per the balance sheet were preferred stock class A $ 61, class B $ 976, class C $ 2, class D $ 7 and common stock $ 6. The price per share for the different classes was as follows, namely, preferred Class A $1.05, preferred class B $1.05, preferred class C $ 1.05, preferred class D $ 1.62 and common stock is 1.05. The capital structure and the total capital of Metapath Company influenced the offer price of Robertson and Stephens. The offer takes into consideration the rights of the various classes of share holders. It is along this line that they negotiate for a new class of preferred shares. The extra right to be attached to this class of shares is the right to participate in extra earnings of the company. RSC’s participating preferred stock is to earn dividends at the rate of the current preferred shares but the share has extra rights. A good example of these rights is the participating right of the shares. The participating right enables them to get a share of the excess earnings of the company similar to the owners of the company. I find RSCs offer to Metapath attractive in terms of pricing. The only unattractive part of the offer are extra rights they have to acquire which are likely to dilute the ownership of Metapath Company. The shareholders of classes A, B, C and D will not be significantly affected by acceptance of th e offer. They will earn dividends at the same rates although the prices of their shares are likely to fall since unlike classes A, B, C and D, the new class E has an extra right that will attract a high demand. The high demand will cause a rise in its price while the prices of the other classes fall. The dividends of common stock holders are likely to reduce if the offer is accepted. The new class of shares will have a right to participate in the excess earnings of the company which were initially shared among common stock holders as dividends. Thus, there will be a significant reduction in the dividends of the owners of the company.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Celltech offer is reasonable as it comes with immediate advantages. It does not dilute the ownership of the company and it is likely to increase the market of Metapath Company. The price of the offer also makes it reasonable and attractive. They should take into consideration the historic information available on the price of the shares of Celltech Company. The price has been rising all through. It will be fair to compute the average price over the years and use it as the current share price or use other computation methods that consider the rising price over the years. Some of the risks associated with the offer are the high competition in the telecommunication industry that may make the company go under as well as the fact that Celltech Company has not been in existence for a long time.

Science Fair Project Ideas for Environmental Problems

Science Fair Project Ideas for Environmental Problems Are you interested in doing a science fair project that involves the environment, ecology, pollution, or other environmental issues? Here are some science fair project ideas that involve environmental science problems. Environmental Processes Does the pH of rain or other precipitation (snow) vary according to ​the  season?Is the pH of rain the same as the pH of soil?Can you use a plant to gauge the level of air pollution?Can you use plants to remove air pollutants?Can you use algae to remove water pollutants?How does soil composition change with depth?What organisms can you use as indicator organisms to alert you to a dangerous environmental condition in the environment?How can you simulate acid rain? Studying Environmental Damage What effect does the presence of phosphates have, if any, on the oxygen level of water in a pond?How does an oil spill affect marine life?How much lead is in your soil? How much mercury is in your soil?How much electronic pollution is there in your home? Can you find a way to measure it?How much copper can plants tolerate?How does the presence of soap or detergent in water affect plant growth? What about seed germination or propagation?How far away from an animal pen do you need to be for there to be no fecal bacteria contamination of the soil or water? Researching Solutions Can you use gray water (water that has been used for bathing or washing) to water your plants? Does it matter what type of soap you used for your cleaning? Are some plants more tolerant of gray water than others?Are carbon filters as effective with chlorinated or fluoridated water as they are with water that does not contain chlorine or fluoride?How can you minimize the volume taken up by trash?How much trash can be recycled or composted?How can you prevent soil erosion?What type of car antifreeze is most friendly to the environment?What type of de-icer is most friendly to the environment?Are there non-toxic methods that can be used to control mosquito populations?

Collective culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Collective culture - Essay Example With this much understanding, there emerges in each of us a real heart towards the significance of a cultural heritage even beyond national boundaries as well as the history which took to account the many remarkable struggles which its beauty and prominence had been founded by. If each citizen of our nation is made to realize the essence of ancestral efforts in several aspects, building on trust, goodwill, and pride with shared humanity, it would be spontaneously possible to take responsibility of individual actions and possess the initiative to align one’s behavior with a sense of patriotism and selfless interest. This way, respect and the value of dignity are gradually established and a citizen in this position develops profound level of communication and confidence from which to radiate genuine concern to fellow countrymen. Interdependence results in the process instead of indifference so that this enables our culture to prosper to a considerable degree which extends to the aspect of economy and diplomatic relations abroad. It then creates a picture of effortlessly dealing with cross-cultural endeavors and supporting cultural heritage beyond this nation, eliminating conflicts that arise when negative motives are rather perceived in not understanding the meaning of origins in a continuum where potential unseen similarities may gather various cultures together to a point of empowering the stewardship intended for culture well-being (LeBaron, 2003). Besides the character which an academic institution aims for each learner to acquire in breaking unhealthy misconception regarding differences among cultures, one may further assume such role based on a chosen field or profession. For instance, Nova Scotians of Canada are found capable of determining businesspeople to pay special attention for the welfare of cultural heritage through financial contributions, rendering services to or adapting a

History of Drug Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of Drug Testing - Essay Example To start with, the war against use of illicit drugs began in the ancient times of civilization and passed on from one generation to another. According to the Drug Policy Alliance, the first anti-opium laws formulated in the 1870s showing that even in the early days, governments were concerned on the welfare of citizens (1). The regulatory authorities took the responsibility of ensuring that the prevalence and use of illicit drugs was minimized among the citizens. However, it is during the reign of President Nixon that war against illicit drugs in the U.S. heightened. President Nixon increased the war against drugs by increasing and expanding the federal drug control agencies (The Drug Policy Alliance [DPA] 1). Subsequent American presidents also advocated for the war against drugs. For example, President George W. Bush allocated more money than ever to the war against drugs and further introduced drug testing to students (DPA 1). Because of government efforts in the fight against illicit drugs, drug testing became popular and various testing techniques introduced to facilitate the work of anti-drug agencies. One of the significant drug test technique introduced is the Marquis test. Marquis test is a simple and cost effective technique used to test for the presence of psychoactive drugs and further determine the chemical content (Erowid 1). The technique is effective because it distinguishes between â€Å"amphetamine and its ring substituted analogues† (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 18). The Marquis test is used by the law enforcement agencies to detect the presence of drugs on suspected criminals easily because it offers immediate results through color changes. Considering the mechanism of operation, Marquis Test utilizes the Marquis Reagent which is a chemical mixture made up of sulfuric acid and formaldehyde (Erowid 1). The Marquis Reagent, used to make ecstasy-testing kits, produces the results through

The Space Race: Is Funding for NASA Still Relevant?

The Space Race: Is Funding for NASA Still Relevant? Abstract Since its inception in 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), has spent a total $1.3 trillion dollars adjusted for inflation. This paper examines the debate between two opposing views on funding for NASA. The debate is broken down into two groups, pro-funding and anti-funding. The arguments between both sides, while very similar, are opposite in their views. The pro-funding side is in the opinion that, positive economic impact, international relations, and planning for the future call for increased funding. Those anti-funding argue that funding NASA impedes the economy, there is little to no return on investment, and that the United States should be focused on the present, rather than the future. This paper examines both sides of the argument, weighs each of the opinions, and examines how the relationship of this issue is pertains to the field of Public Administration. The author states his view and gives his recommendations on the issue. Keywords: NASA, public funding, public administration, national debt Ten years after the start of the Cold War, the U.S.SR launched the first artificial Earth Satellite into space. In response to tensions with the former Soviet Union, the United States National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, or NACA, launched its first satellite into space, kick starting what is known as The Space Race. A few months later, NACA was dissolved and superseded into NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Since its founding in July of 1958, NASA has averaged roughly 0.9% (Rawden, 2017) of the annual United States Federal budget. However, since the 1990s, that average has seen a significant decrease. In February of 2016, 58 years since NASA was founded, Congress surpassed NASAs requested budget of $18.5 billion and approved $19.3 billion (AG, 2016) to fund NASA. With the House and Senate both approving a Federal Budget of $3.9 trillion (Congressional Budget Office, 2017), NASAs current budget only equates to 0.49% of the overall budget. However, with C ongress surpassing the NASAs requested budget, this marks the first time in five years they have seen a substantial budget increase. With budget forecasts by the Congressional Budget Office (2016) putting the nation at a debt of $20.1 trillion by 2018, this leaves public administrators to question whether this budget increase and NASA itself is worth the money. As Public Administrators, we can see that the debate over the funding of NASA is broken down into two opposing viewpoints. Those in favor are compelled by several factors, such as, public admiration for NASA, strengthening international relations, and planning for the future. While those opposed argue that funding NASA impedes the economy, there is little to no return on investment, and that the United States should focus on the present, rather than the future. No matter what side you are on, we can see that the debate over the funding of NASA is important to the field of Public Administration. This paper examines both sides of the debate over the funding NASA and how public administrators can use this debate as a case study for future problems. Viewpoint #1: Those in Favor A 2015 PEW Research survey shows that 68% of Americans had a favorable view of NASA (Motel, 2015), with those of higher education having more favorability. The survey also cites a different PEW survey conducted in 2011 that found 58% of the public said it was essential that the U.S. continue to be a world leader in space exploration. These studies confirm that the public has great admiration toward NASA, but there is a need to justify the high price tag of space exploration. This justification can be argued with several factors: Inventions and Technology, International Relations, and Future Planning. Inventions and Technology After a Korean airliner accidentally strayed into Soviet airspace in 1983, and was subsequently shot down, then President Ronald Regan declassified the use of Global Positioning System (Brustein, 2014). This 20-year-old technology was developed during joint experiments between the Navy and NASA using NASAs advancements in satellites and technology. GPS is today one of the most widely used inventions that NASA helped create. However, there are also a wide range of inventions and technology that funding of NASAs research and development helped to create. In NASAs magazine Spinoff (NASA, 2008), they credit themselves with several medical inventions, including artificial limbs improvements, thanks to innovations in robotics and shock-absorbing materials. When NASA needed a stronger material for their landing parachutes, Goodyear developed a new fibrous material that is five times stronger than steel. Goodyear then used this technology in their tires to create the longer-lasting tires we have today. NASA also created Solar Energy technology, which sparked the clean-energy movement. While it is hard to quantify NASAs return on investment, the countless advances they have made on inventions and technology have helped shape our world and boost our economy. International Relations While NASA is the highest spending space agency in the world, there are many other countries that work with the United States to continue space exploration. While the U.S. was the only country to land on the moon, future explorations require international cooperation. In 2006 NASA and China reached an agreement promising that both countries would strengthen exchanges, enhance mutual trust, develop a lasting friendship, and promote cooperation in relevant fields (Foley, 2014). This policy is necessary to continue the economic prosperity and relationship between the two countries. NASA also collaborates with 15 other countries to maintain and expand the International Space Station. This partnership strengthens relationships and encourages trade agreements. In turn, the trade agreements help boost our economy and strengthen NASAs case for a high return on investment. Future Planning Proponents of continuing to fund NASA usually break down Future Planning into two parts: Population Growth and Earth Security. The population is undoubtedly growing exponentially. The UN estimates the world population will reach 9.7 billion people by 2050 (UN, 2015). This growth raises the question of earth sustainability. The world will eventually run out of resources and room to house and feed its people. Many people believe that the solution is in space exploration. With NASA currently planning expeditions to Mars, a planet with possible habitation aspects, there is a strong belief that humans can become an interplanetary species. This belief is only possible if we continue funding NASA, and being the leader in space exploration. Earth Security is another part of NASAs responsibilities. NASA not only monitors the weather, but asteroid and nautical sea patterns. Defunding our space program could potentially be disastrous if NASA could no longer take preventative steps to combat cli mate change. View Point #2: Those Against While there is no doubt there is a great love for NASA, defunding the space program would be beneficial for our economy. PEW Research conducted a study in 2014 finding that although a majority of people were in favor of space exploration, only 22% of people said that the U.S. spends too little on space exploration (Wormald, 2014). This leaves opponents questioning as to why the U.S. spends billions of dollars each year to fund NASA. Those arguing for defunding the space program have three main reasons: NASA impedes the economy, there is little to no return on investment, and that the United States should focus on the present, rather than the future. Impeding the Economy With a forecasted debt of $20.1 trillion by 2018, many politicians are trying to find ways to reduce our spending. While only 0.5% of the national budget, $19.1 billion dollars is no small amount of money. Adjusted for inflation, NASA has accounted for $1.1 trillion in expenditures since its founding in 1958 (Rawden, 2017). Since the introduction of the new fleet of space shuttles in 1971, each launch carries a price tag of around $1.5 billion per flight. Companies such as SpaceX have been awarded contracts totaling $1.6 billion for 6 flights to the ISS. It is no wonder NASA has started to turn towards private companies to send supplies and expeditions into space, when private companies can accomplish the goals at a smaller price. In 2014, NASA announced that U.S. companies SpaceX and Boeing were awarded $6.4 billion for future space flights. All this money could have been allocated toward paying back debts and protecting the financial future of the United States. Return on Investment In the opposing view, I stated that it would be hard to quantify NASAs Return on Investment. This lack of calculation gives cause to those opposed to funding the space program. While NASA is credited with countless inventions, but the price tag for inventing them is hard to justify. A 2011 PEW Research study shows that only 38% of people think the space program contributes to a lot to scientific advancements, and that 52% of people believe that human astronauts are non-essential to the program (Kennedy, 2015). These statistics can be viewed as a misallocation of NASA funding. If there has not been a significant invention since NASA published its 2008 list of technologies that benefit our lives and its last crowning achievement, sending Pathfinder to mars, costing $265 million, NASA has not truly justified its recent return on investment. Prioritizing the Present As NASA continues to look to the future, opponents say we should focus on the present. With a large National Debt, the United States needs to prioritizing its current finances so it can continue to have a future. While the earth is made up of a finite amount of resources, it is unlikely that they will run out before we can fix our economy. The sun is not estimated to begin to die for another 5 billion years (Scudder, 2015), and only 3% of the earth supports more than half of humanity (Nuwer, 2015). In other words, the world is not ending anytime in the foreseeable future, and we are not going to run out of room on earth. Instead of worrying about the future, the U.S. needs to prioritize on the present. NASA needs to look at all their assets, and begin to look at what it can liquidize. The space shuttle program alone is valued at nearly $200 billion (Hsu, 2011).ÂÂ   If the U.S. defunded NASA and worked toward privatizing the program and selling its assets, the U.S. could be benef icial toward reducing the U.S. debt. The Military and Department of Defense need to absorb most of NASA while privatizing and selling the rest. Afterwards, the U.S. needs to begin to cut the enormous Defense Budget, to make up most, if not all, of the deficit.ÂÂ   If the United States focuses on prioritizing the present, by takes steps to reduce its expenditures, such as reducing or eliminating NASAs budget, we can begin to see a brighter, less constrictive future. Assessing the Arguments Both sides of the debate have similar yet conflicting arguments. The pro-funding NASA side argues that NASA boosts the economy by, facilitating inventions and new technology, strengthening international relations, and planning for the future. While those against argue that funding NASA impedes the economy, there is little to no return on investment, and that the United States should focus on the present, rather than the future. Whether NASA helps to boost or impedes the economy is the biggest aspect of the debate. While the space agency can never truly be recognized for their accomplishments, it is my belief that NASA has helped the economy in the past and is no longer the innovative and economically stimulating agency it once was. Public interest in NASA is starting to dwindle as much as their budget, and it is only time before private companies, such as SpaceX start to take over. There is also no doubt that NASA has strengthened our international relationships with other space-orie nted nations. These relationships facilitate our trade agreements with one another, boosting our economy. If the U.S. were to defund NASA, it would make it hard to find a new avenue in which to continue those relationships. In the final argument, Future versus Present orientation, is the most heated side of the debate. At only 0.49% of the U.S. Budget, defunding NASA would hardly make a dent in the debt. However, the U.S. needs to start somewhere, as every little bit helps. If the U.S. were to privatize and sell NASAs assets, it would be able to make a noticeable difference on tackling the debt. Conclusion and Recommendation As Public Administrators, we should be concerned at every aspect of our national budget. I believe we should either go all in and increase funding of NASA, or privatize and sell the assets.ÂÂ   Both sides of the debate have compelling sides. If we were to increase the budget, we would continue international cooperation and trade agreements, possibly continue to see new inventions and technologies, and facilitate Americans love of space travel. However, forced to choose a side, I believe we should take the opposite route. The national debt is wildly out of control and if we do not take steps to fix our mistakes, the world could see a disastrous economic depression. By selling off some of NASAs assets to private companies and foreign countries, the U.S. would, in turn, can cash a sizable paycheck, and begin to pay off its debts. By privatizing NASA, the U.S. can also begin to turn the $19 billion funding toward the debt. If we do not begin to take action against our debt, the curr ent and future generations may see a disastrous financial future. The United States cannot continue down the current financial path it is taking, and defunding of NASA is a crucial step on the road to recovery. If the U.S. takes the route toward defunding NASA, that road can be used as a vital case study for Public Administrators. We will be faced at a time to do what is popular versus what is economically feasible. In times of economic hardship, the right path is not always the easiest. References AG: News Reviews in Astronomy Geophysics. (2016). U.S. boosts budget for NASA. Astronomy Geophysics, Vol. 57 Issue 1, p1.7 https://doiorg.spot.lib.auburn.edu/10.1093/astrogeo/atw014 Brustein, Joshua. (2014, December 4) GPS as We Know It Happened Because of Ronald Reagan. Bloomberg. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12- 04/gps-as-we-know-it-happened-because-of-ronald-reagan Congressional Budget Office. (2017, February 8). The Federal Budget in 2016: An Infographic. Retrieved from https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52408 Congressional Budget Office. (2016, January 25). The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2016 to 2026. Retrieved from https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/114th-congress-2015-2016/reports/51129-2016outlook.pdf Foley, Jordan. (2014, April 16) Strategy for International Cooperation in Planning the Chinese Space Station. MIT Political Science Department Research. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2425862_code1609318.pdf?abstracti d=2425862mirid=1 Hsu, Jeremy. (2011, April 11). Total Cost of NASAs Space Shuttle Program: Nearly $200 Billion. Astrobiology Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.space.com/11358-nasa- space-shuttle-program-cost-30-years.html?_ga=1.261610826.693458589.1485213070 Kennedy, Brian. (2015, July 14). 5 facts about Americans views on space exploration. Fact Tank. Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/14/5-facts-about- americans-views-on-space-exploration/ Motel, Seth. (2015, February 3) NASA Popularity Still Sky-High. Fact Tank. Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/02/03/nasa-popularity-still-sky-high/ NASA (2008) NASA Technologies Benefit Our Lives. Spinoff. Retrieved from https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2008/tech_benefits.html Nuwer, Rachel (2015, September 1). Is the world running out of space? Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150901-is-the-world-running-out-of-space Rawden, Zachary. (2017, February 10). NASA Budgetary Breakdown. Retrieved from https://1drv.ms/x/s!AqSRkru4qW2DlGLiBv3dpnZnmNwA Scudder, Jillian. (2015, February 13). The sun wont die for 5 billion years, so why do humans have only 1 billion years left on Earth?. The Conversation. Retrieved from https://phys.org/news/2015-02-sun-wont-die-billion-years.html UN. (2015, July 29). World population projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/2015-report.html Wormald, Benjamin. (2014, April 23). Americans keen on space exploration, less so on paying for it. Fact Tank. Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact- tank/2014/04/23/americans-keen-on-space-exploration-less-so-on-paying-for-it/

Enthalpy Lab Background

Enthalpy, represented by the sign ? H in kJ/mol, is the heat change in a reaction. It shows whether how much heat is released or absorbed during the reaction. If the reaction is endothermic, the enthalpy would be positive and if the reaction is exothermic, the enthalpy would be negative. During a chemical reaction, which consists of breaking and creating bonds, heat is either absorbed or released. In this lab, the reaction uses the disassociation of an ionic compound ammonium nitrate shown in the equation #1 below into ions.In order to disassociate ammonium nitrate into ions, energy is required. Both NH4 and NO3 are always soluble, therefore the ionic compound disassociates completely. Through equation #2, heat absorbed or released can be measured. In equation #2, q stands for the heat change in joules, m for the mass of the water in grams, C for the specific heat of water, and ? T for the change in temperature. By using the calorimeter with a stir rod, change in temperature is found . 1. NH4NO3(s) NH4(aq) + NO3(aq) 2. q=mC? TFree energy is a thermodynamic function that shows the available energy that can be converted into work. By using the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, which uses free energy and is shown in equation #3, spontaneity of the reaction can be found using enthalpy, temperature, and entropy. Free energy, unlike entropy, is an absolute way to determine whether the reaction is spontaneous or not. If the free energy is negative, then the reaction is spontaneous, whereas if the free reaction is positive, then the reaction is not spontaneous.If free energy is neither, meaning if the free energy is zero, the reaction has reached equilibrium, therefore not shifting to left or right. In this lab, the reaction shown in equation #1 reaches equilibrium, so the free energy of this reaction would be zero. Entropy, shown by the sign S, is the measurement of molecular randomness or disorder. It is given in J/K*mol and it determines the disorder by the number of molecul ar arrangements that are possible in the state, whether it is solid, liquid, or gas.The more arrangements there can be, or larger amount of mole there is, the higher the entropy. If the change in entropy of a given reaction is negative, it means that the reaction is increasing in order, or decreasing in disorder. If the change in entropy of a given reaction is positive, it means that the reaction is increasing in disorder. Generally, negative entropy of a given reaction means that the reaction is spontaneous, but not always. Both equation #3 and #4 can be used to find entropy. 3. ?G = ? H-T? S 4.? Sreaction=? pSproducts – ? nrSreactants In equation #4, if the entropies of the molecules involved in the reaction are known, then change of entropy in the overall reaction can be found by subtracting the sum of the entropy of the products by the sum of the entropies of the reactants. If the entropies of the molecules aren’t known like this lab, than equation #3 can be used t o find the entropies of the reaction, where T represents temperature in Kelvin, ? G is the change in the free energy in kJ/mol, ? H is the change in enthalpy in kJ/mole, and ?S is the change in entropy in J/K*mol. The enthalpy of the reaction shown in equation #1 can be calculated by the third equation using arithmetic because ? G is zero. And in this equation, the formula number 3, where ? G = ? H-T? S, Enthalpy must be greater that Entropy if the equation is to be positive. This is reason why this value is set to zero, because then by subtracting the enthalpy the value of entropy can be found. And through these methods, the value of G can be substituted in and to find the accepted value of ? H and ? S.The Kelvin is the accepted value, and the ? S can be found when plugged in ? H and ? G to be found as the zero value. The calculated entropy should match or be very close to the accepted entropy value for the dissolving of ammonium nitrate if the ionic compound is dissolved in water and the enthalpy determined by the calorimeter because the calorimeter shouldn’t have lost any heat to surrounding and all of the solid should have been dissolved. Through this method, the absorbance rate of FeCl3 can be estimated, just like how NH4NO3 can be found.

Spiritual Condition Evaluation - 1192 Words

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This is a result of the common belief that moral and spiritual development is attained through the shedding of dogmatic belief structures, resulting in the elimination of God towards the attainment of self-realization. Strangely, although the secular aspect is quite vividly seen in his way of life, the religious references and biblical allusions cannot be ignored. Despite the lack of cultivation and learning in the morals and ethics of Christianity, he is able to form his own code of behavior based on example and the behavior he views from others. It should be noted that his instinctive sense of morality comes without knowledge of God or a creator and while this may seem to be an atheistic or at least secular way of thinking about how morality is â€Å"inborn† it is impossible to ignore the way the Bible and religious learning influence even this aspect of his life. 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A Brief Note On Penalty And Profit A Story Of Manipulation

Charles Lowd Global Issues/POLS 2401 October 6, 2015 Penalty and Profit: A Story of Manipulation The United States has a long standing love/hate relationship with China. One that is broad in content, with some points being beneficial and other being adversarial. The topics of trade, deficit, and fiscal dependency have been debated for years with no definitive resolution. The relationship became further strained when news spread of China (allegedly) using currency manipulation (also called â€Å"currency intervention†) to decrease the value of yuan (the Chinese currency). China used currency manipulation by buying large amounts of US dollars using yuan. Doing so increases the supply of yuan in the foreign exchange market which causes an increase†¦show more content†¦For the U.S. and WTO to condemn China for trying to keep their economic structure afloat would be hypocritical and unjust. China, a country large in size, population, economy, is a really important asset globally. America’s second-largest trading partner, China is the producer of most of America’s items including clothes, consumer electronics, and manufacturing goods. The codependency of America and China is a very fragile and with recent debate of penalization, a potentially, volatile situation. It is the world’s second-largest economy after the United States, currently â€Å"accounting for about 12 percent of the world economy and about a quarter of global growth in recent years† (Swanson). China’s ability to produce large quantities of goods and at very low costs is what makes the country’s importance to global trade, especially America. 1.2 Trillion dollars of our debt is to China, which helps to keep our interest rates low by â€Å"allowing firms to make investments that would be unattractive at a higher cost of borrowing† (Kaneene). With investments like that, there is an increase in the capital available, an increase in the